Participation of residents in national park communities in ecological protection is crucial to promoting ecological civilization construction. Based on the analysis framework of TPB model, this paper takes the community residents of Hainan tropical rainforest National Park as the research object, constructs the influence mechanism model of community residents'willingness to ecological protection, and discusses the influence of subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, perceived value and place attachment on behavioural attitude and willingness to ecological protection. The results show that the subjective norms, place attachment and perceived value of community residents have a positive and significant impact on behaviour attitude and willingness to protect ecology; the perceived behavioural control of community residents has no significant positive impact on behaviour attitude and willingness to protect ecology; the behavioural attitude of community residents does not have a positive and significant impact on the willingness of ecological protection behaviour. The research results are of great significance to clarify the influencing mechanism of community residents’ willingness to ecological protection, and also provide a useful reference for guiding community residents to participate in the ecological protection of national parks.